决定补税还是退税的三大因素
Alpha UMa
9/18/2019
由《美国报税如何计算退税还是补税》可知三大因素有调整项目Adjustments, 扣除项目 Deductions与税收抵免优惠Tax Credits.
调整项目 Adjustments
常见的有Health Savings Account, Traditional 401K, Traditional IRA和海外劳动所得免税额等。另外还有出租和独立承包商的利润或亏损。
扣除项目 Deductions
标准扣除 Standard Deduction
标准扣除每年略有增加,由税务局公布。
逐项列举扣除 Itemized Deductions
逐项列举扣除必须罗列在附表A上,可列举的项目包括:
州和地方所得税或销售税等已缴税款
房地产和个人财产税等已缴税款
房屋抵押贷款利息
联邦宣布的灾难造成的人身伤亡和盗窃损失
对合格慈善机构的捐赠
未报销的医疗费用
某些项目,例如医疗费用或已缴税款,可能会受到限制。报税时只能选择一个扣除项目,大多数人会采用数额更大的扣除。
税收抵免优惠 Tax Credits
常见的税额抵免有Retirement Savings Contributions Savers Credit、Child Tax Credit和 American Opportunity Tax Credit等等。
可退型税收抵免优惠 Refundable Tax Credit:当税收抵免优惠大于应缴税款时,报税人会收到退税。
不可退型税收抵免优惠 Nonrefundable Tax Credit:税收抵免优惠只会抵免应缴税款,即使大于应缴税款,报税人也不会收到退税。
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